My thanks to Bruno Vicare for organising this series of seminars in Paris, and also to everyone who attended and supported them.

The correct application of kyūsho (急所) - vital point attacks and the medical effects of such attacks is often a neglected element of training.

However, an understanding of the subject is crucial to the effective utilisation of martial arts technique.

These seminars were a great opportunity to explore this subject in depth by drawing on the kyũsho of Takagi Yōshin-ryū (高木楊心流) and Kotō-ryũ (虎倒流).